Dec 28, 2022

Did You Know Facts for Automobile Engineering

 

Did you know?

1.     There Are More Cars Than People In The World:

    1. There Are More Cars Than People In The World:

            According to the World Population Clock, the population of the world is estimated at 7.4 billion whereas according to Elite Daily, there are more than 10 billion cars in the world. The question that arises is who drives them. The truth is many cars are manufactured every year, not all of which are in use. Some of the unused or unsold ones are disposed of or left to rust forever.

2.     Car Is The Most Recycled Product In The World:

           Approximately 95% of the cars that have stopped working are recycled. Roughly 27 million cars are reprocessed every year.

3.     There Are Almost 30K Parts In A Car:

            An average car has as many as 30,000 parts in it. Imagine solving a puzzle out of so many units. Constructing a car is almost equivalent to that. When these parts are put together in the right places, it forms the car that we drive. Most of these units are recyclable, like the battery, oil filters, scrap metals and tires.

4.     The Longest Living Car Was 82 Years Old:

            Graduation gifts are special. But the Piccadilly-P1 Roadster by Rolls-Royce that Allen Swift of Massachusetts was gifted by his dad after his graduation was a little too special for him. He owned, drove and treasured it for a good 82 years.

5.     The Longest Traffic Jam Was Recorded On February 16, 1980:

            According to Guinness World Records, the longest traffic jam in the world spanned from Lyon to Paris when hundreds of tourists were on their way back home from Ski holidays. A stretch of 109 miles was at a standstill on the French Autoroute as a result of poor weather and traffic blockage.

6.     The First Automobile Accident Took Place In 1891:

            The first car accident occurred near Cleveland in Ohio City. It was James William Lambert’s car which hit a tree root and got sidetracked leading it to crash into a hitching post. Though the injuries were minor, it left its imprint on the history of cars.

7.     Volkswagen Owns Companies Like Audi:

            If you thought Volkswagen was a single brand, you are wrong. The German company boasts of owning several other prestigious car companies like Porsche, Audi, Bugatti, Bentley, Lamborghini, and overseas brands SEAT and Skoda.

8.     Self Driven Cars Soon To Feature On Roads:

            Autonomous vehicles or driverless cars are currently in existence in the form of a prototype, developed by Google. These cars could possibly put a check on the number of vehicles actually needed on the road to commute and also decrease road accidents. The futuristic automobiles are expected to be available for commercial purposes by the year 2020.

9.     Self Driven Cars Would Require Driver’s License:

            The future automatic cars will need a license for driving on open roads. In the US, Nevada was the first state to authorize these cars on their roads and the first ever autonomous vehicle license was imprinted as a result.

10.  How Much Did A Car Cost In 1908?

            Back in the beginning of the 20th century, the cost of buying a car would be around $825. The Ford Model T was worth $950. The price is quite unimaginable but it would be around thousands of dollars in today’s time.

 

“Love your enemies, for they tell you your faults”

-       Benjamin Franklin

Jan 20, 2022

Layout of thermal or steam power plant

 

LAYOUT OF THERMAL OR STEAM POWER PLANT 

Thermal power plant also known as steam power plant. It uses steam as a working medium. Plant is used to make electricity by rotating shaft of turbine which is connected with generator.

VIDEO LECTURE



Introduction

Layout of thermal or steam power plant
 

  • In thermal power plant, steam is an important medium for producing mechanical energy.
  • Water is converted into steam by boiler using coal as fuel and it is used to drive the steam turbine.
  • Heat energy of the steam is converted into mechanical energy by the steam turbine.
  • Mechanical energy is used for generating power by generator.
  • Steam has advantage that it can be raised from water which is available in abundance.

 

Circuits of thermal power plant

The layout of the thermal power plant consists of four main circuits. They are,

  • Coal and ash circuit
  • Air and flue gas circuit
  • Water and steam circuit
  • Cooling water circuit

 

Coal and Ash circuit

Coal and Ash circuit

  • The various stages in the coal and ash circuit are, Coal delivery, Coal unloading, Coal preparation, Coal storage, Coal handling, Coal burning, Ash handling, Ash disposal
  • Coal from coal mine is transferred to the power plant by transport system.
  • After the preparation, coal is stored in storage yard.
  • It is transferred to the boiler by using suitable coal handling equipment.
  • The handling system consist of belt conveyors, screw conveyors etc.,
  • During combustion process, heat, ash and smoke are exposed.

 

 Air and Flue gas circuit

Air and Flue gas circuit

  • This circuit consist of filter, air preheater, dust collector and chimney.
  • Atmospheric air is forced into the boiler through filter and air preheater.
  • Dust from atmosphere air is removed by air filter and also air is preheated by using flue gases coming out from the boiler to increase the efficiency.
  • After the combustion flue gas is passed into the boiler tubes, economiser and preheater before being exhausted to the atmosphere through the chimney.
  • Dust collector is used to remove the dust particles in flue gas.

 

Water and Steam circuit

 

Water and steam circuit





  • This circuit consist of pump, boiler, turbine, economiser.
  • Water is fed into the boiler though economiser. Economiser is used to preheat the water.
  • In boiler, feed water is converted into steam.
  • Generated steam passes through super heater and it is supplied to the steam turbine.
  • The steam is expanded in the steam turbine.
  • The expanded steam is allowed to the condenser, where it is condensed.

 

Cooling water circuit

Cooling water circuit

  • In condenser, heat is taken by cooling water and it is dissipated to air in cooling tower.
  • Condensed water is fed into the reservoir.
  • Pump is used to recirculate the cooling water.

 

Advantages

  • Initial investment is low.
  • Low maintenance cost.
  • The power plant can be located nearest to coal mines, so that the loading cost can be reduced.

 

Disadvantages 

  • Ash handling and air pollution are the major problems.
  • Power generation cost is high.
  • Coal handling cost is more.

 

Does heat transfer takes place in vaccum space?

 

Of course!  How earth receives heat energy from sun? Here is answer for these two questions. Heat can transfer in vacuum space. In this article you may know how heat is transferred in vacuum space.





 

How earth receives heat energy from sun? First we should understand the modes of heat transfer. There are three modes available to transfer heat. They are, Heat conduction, Heat convection and radiation. Let's see one by one.


 

Heat conduction

In heat conduction mode of heat transfer heat is transferred by means of molecules present in the object. In this mode, energy will be transferred among the molecules. Example: I am holding a metal bar in my hand. I am going to heat that. What will happen. The bar gets heat from the source. Unfortunately, I can feel heat transfer in another side which is hold by means of hand. There is no objects present in the space. So heat cannot transfer by  conduction mode in space.


 

Heat convection

In this mode of heat transfer heat is transferred by moving of fluid one place to another place. Other hand we can define, Heat convection is one type in which heat is transferred by direct contact between solid and fluids. Example: Boiling of water is the best examples for heat convection. Boiling occurs when the heat transfer takes place in a beaker by moving of water within it. There is no fluids present in space. So it mode of heat transfer not possible in space.

Hear radiation

Radiation mode of heat transfer takes place by electromagnetic induction. By electromagnetic waves heat is transferred from one place to another place. Example: Your kitchen always hot. Why? because electromagnetic waves absorbs heat energy from the kitchen when it is in use. and it transfers energy among the air molecules. That's is the reason kitchen is the hottest are in your house. So you may know which type heat transfer occurs in space. Absolutely! By heat radiation only heat transfer occurs in space. Because there is a electromagnetic waves in space. So all planets, All galaxies and All suns transfers their heat by radiation mode of heat transfer.

Speed of heat transfer in space

 


Did you know? In a space heat is transferred at the speed of light. Around 3 lakh meters per second.

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